Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in old civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten sections with roughly 50 species. The true amount of kinds has varied, depending about how they are categorised, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were released into the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slice flowers so that ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and artwork, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the symbol of tumors charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light. The seed stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but once in a while a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The plants, that are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or hardly ever renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits includes a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile roots that draw it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer season to late winter, flowering in the spring, though a few types are fall months flowering.
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