Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellow (orange or green in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten areas with roughly 50 species. The true number of types has varied, depending on how they are grouped, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The species are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of variety in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the ASIA to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slice flowers so that as ornamental crops in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the image of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering for an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light. The flower stem usually bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blossoms, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or seldom inexperienced, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The flowers may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry contains a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile root base that move it down further in to the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summer months to past due winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are autumn flowering.
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