Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten parts with about 50 species. The true number of varieties has varied, depending how they are grouped, due to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The types are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as lower plants and as ornamental crops in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art work, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the mark of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to a underground storage light. They regrow in the following calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The vegetable stem bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blossoms, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or rarely green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The blooms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit consists of a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back again and has contractile roots that move it down further in to the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summertime to past due winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.
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