Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The amount of species has mixed, depending how they are categorised, due to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the real name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were unveiled into the ASIA to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Narcissi are popular as slash blooms so that as ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide rose of Wales and the mark of cancer charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to the underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light. The place stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The plants, which are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or hardly ever green sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The plants may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries includes a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb lays dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile roots that pull it down further into the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer season to past due winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.
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