Reflections on ‘Narziss and Goldmund’ by Hermann Hesse Middle

Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten portions with roughly 50 species. The number of kinds has varied, depending how they are grouped, due to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the real name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The species are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as cut plants and since ornamental plant life in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the symbol of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the crazy flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering with an underground storage light. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as extra tall as 80 cm.

The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The herb stem bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blossoms, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or almost never inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The blooms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry includes a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.

The bulb sits dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile root base that take it down further into the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summertime to late winter, flowering in the spring, though a few species are autumn flowering.

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