Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten parts with approximately 50 species. The number of types has assorted, depending about how they are grouped, anticipated to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the real name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of diversity in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as chop blooms and since ornamental plants in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and fine art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the icon of malignancy charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering for an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as high as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The vegetable stem bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blooms, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or almost never green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The blossoms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit consists of a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb is dormant following the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile root base that move it down further into the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summer season to overdue winter, flowering in the spring, though a few varieties are autumn flowering.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar