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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden types), with either even or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.

Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten portions with around 50 species. The number of varieties has mixed, depending on how they are grouped, thanks to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the real name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of variety in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as chop bouquets and since ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the mark of tumors charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to a underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as high as 80 cm.

The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The flower stem bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of blooms (umbel). The plants, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or rarely inexperienced, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The flowers may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries contains a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.

The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile root base that move it down further in to the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer to past due winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few varieties are fall months flowering.

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