File:Narcissus triandrus cultivar2.jpg Wikimedia Commons

Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.

Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten areas with roughly 50 species. The true amount of species has assorted, depending how they are categorized, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.

The types are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as trim bouquets and since ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide flower of Wales and the sign of cancer charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to the underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as high as 80 cm.

The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blossoms, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or almost never inexperienced sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit includes a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.

The bulb lays dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back and has contractile origins that draw it down further in to the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer to past due winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

Narcissus triandrus subsp. pallidulus Narciso pálido

Narcissus Triandrus Narcissus triandrus

Narciso palido Narcissus triandrus

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