Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten parts with about 50 species. The amount of types has mixed, depending on how they are categorised, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as cut blossoms so that ornamental plants in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art work, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the image of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering for an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light. The place stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blooms, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or hardly ever renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit includes a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb is dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile origins that yank it down further in to the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from summer to later winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few varieties are fall flowering.
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