Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten portions with approximately 50 species. The true amount of kinds has mixed, depending how they are categorised, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The kinds are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slash flowers and since ornamental crops in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the image of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering for an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The vegetable stem bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The bouquets, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or almost never renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry includes a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb lays dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile roots that move it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer months to past due winter, flowering in the spring, though a few varieties are fall flowering.
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