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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten portions with approximately 50 species. The amount of types has varied, depending how they are labeled, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the real name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.

The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as cut flowers so that as ornamental plants in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and fine art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as icons of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the image of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to a underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as high as 80 cm.

The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light. The vegetable stem bears a solitary blossom, but occasionally a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The plants, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or rarely green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The blooms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits involves a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.

The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile origins that pull it down further in to the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summer to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are fall months flowering.

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