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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in historical civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten parts with approximately 50 species. The amount of species has assorted, depending on how they are classified, due to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the true name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.

The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Today narcissi are popular as slash blooms so when ornamental vegetation in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art work, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the mark of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering for an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as tall as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light. The place stem bears a solitary blossom, but occasionally a cluster of flowers (umbel). The bouquets, that are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or seldom green, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The blooms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries contains a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.

The bulb sits dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die back and has contractile origins that draw it down further in to the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer time to overdue winter, flowering in the spring, though a few types are autumn flowering.

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