Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden types), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten parts with around 50 species. The amount of kinds has varied, depending on how they are categorized, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the real name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of diversity in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were released into the ASIA to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slash plants so that ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and skill, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the national blossom of Wales and the sign of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to the underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as extra tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves occur from the bulb. The plant stem bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blooms, that are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or almost never renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The blossoms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits includes a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb sits dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile origins that draw it down further in to the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summertime to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few varieties are fall flowering.
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