Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten sections with approximately 50 species. The true variety of kinds has varied, depending about how they are categorised, due to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the true name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as chop plants and since ornamental vegetation in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide flower of Wales and the sign of malignancy charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next yr from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The seed stem bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of blooms (umbel). The blooms, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or rarely green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The bouquets may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry consists of a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb is situated dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die back and has contractile origins that pull it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from warmer summer months to late winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few varieties are autumn flowering.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar