Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten sections with about 50 species. The amount of types has varied, depending how they are labeled, thanks to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise source of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The species are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as trim flowers and as ornamental plants in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide rose of Wales and the sign of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to a underground storage light. They regrow in the following year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as high as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light. The seed stem usually bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of blooms (umbel). The flowers, which are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or seldom inexperienced sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The flowers may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit involves a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb sits dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile origins that take it down further into the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer season to past due winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are fall flowering.
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