Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellow (orange or green in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten parts with around 50 species. The amount of kinds has varied, depending how they are grouped, due to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the true name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as slice bouquets so that as ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the nationwide flower of Wales and the sign of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to the underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The vegetable stem bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of flowers (umbel). The flowers, which are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or seldom inexperienced sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The blooms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries contains a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back and has contractile origins that pull it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from warmer summer months to past due winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few varieties are fall flowering.
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