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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden types), with either even or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten parts with roughly 50 species. The number of species has varied, depending how they are labeled, credited to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the true name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were created in to the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slice flowers and as ornamental vegetation in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and skill, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the national flower of Wales and the mark of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering for an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as tall as 80 cm.

The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves occur from the bulb. The plant stem usually bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blooms, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or hardly ever inexperienced, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The blooms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries involves a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.

The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile roots that move it down further in to the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summertime to late winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few species are fall months flowering.

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