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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten parts with around 50 species. The number of varieties has varied, depending on how they are classified, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The species are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were released into the ASIA to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as cut plants and as ornamental plants in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and artwork, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the national flower of Wales and the mark of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering for an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next yr from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as large as 80 cm.

The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light. The herb stem bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of blooms (umbel). The plants, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or rarely renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits includes a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.

The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back and has contractile root base that take it down further in to the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer season to overdue winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few varieties are fall months flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

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