Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden types), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The number of types has assorted, depending how they are categorized, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of this name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were unveiled into the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Today narcissi are popular as slice bouquets and as ornamental plant life in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and skill, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide rose of Wales and the symbol of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering for an underground storage light. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The plant stem bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The plants, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or rarely renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The blooms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit consists of a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile roots that pull it down further into the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summer to later winter, flowering in the spring, though a few types are fall flowering.
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