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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden types), with either even or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten sections with roughly 50 species. The amount of species has assorted, depending how they are labeled, due to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of diversity in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as slice flowers and as ornamental crops in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the national blossom of Wales and the symbol of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering for an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as high as 80 cm.

The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light bulb. The plant stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The blooms, which are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or rarely green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The blooms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits contains a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.

The bulb is dormant following the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile root base that pull it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer season to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few varieties are autumn flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

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