Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten sections with roughly 50 species. The true amount of kinds has assorted, depending how they are categorised, credited to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the real name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of that name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were unveiled in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as lower plants so that as ornamental plant life in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the nationwide flower of Wales and the sign of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering with an underground storage light. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light. The seed stem bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of flowers (umbel). The flowers, which can be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or rarely green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit consists of a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb sits dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile roots that yank it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summertime to later winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are autumn flowering.
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