Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten areas with roughly 50 species. The true quantity of varieties has varied, depending about how they are classified, due to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The types are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as chop flowers and as ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art work, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the icon of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to a underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as high as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light bulb. The flower stem bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of plants (umbel). The bouquets, which can be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or hardly ever green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The plants may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit includes a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back and has contractile roots that draw it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from summer season to overdue winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are autumn flowering.
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