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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellowish (orange or green in garden types), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten parts with roughly 50 species. The amount of species has assorted, depending on how they are labeled, scheduled to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact source of the true name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.

The species are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were created into the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as chop plants and as ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide flower of Wales and the image of tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to a underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as tall as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of flowers (umbel). The plants, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or seldom inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The blooms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry involves a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.

The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile root base that yank it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer to later winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are fall flowering.

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