Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten parts with about 50 species. The amount of types has varied, depending on how they are grouped, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were presented into the ASIA to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as lower bouquets as ornamental vegetation in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as icons of spring and coil. The daffodil is the nationwide flower of Wales and the mark of tumors charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to the underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as large as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of blooms (umbel). The flowers, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or seldom renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The flowers may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit involves a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb is situated dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back again and has contractile roots that pull it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summer to overdue winter, flowering in the spring, though a few varieties are fall flowering.
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