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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten portions with approximately 50 species. The true range of varieties has assorted, depending on how they are classified, scheduled to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the real name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slash blossoms as ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and skill, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the mark of tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to the underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next season from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as large as 80 cm.

The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The place stem bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The plants, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or rarely renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits involves a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.

The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile roots that move it down further into the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from warmer summer months to later winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are autumn flowering.

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