Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in old civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten parts with approximately 50 species. The true variety of species has varied, depending how they are labeled, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the true name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Narcissi are popular as cut bouquets as ornamental crops in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and skill, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the national rose of Wales and the image of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as high as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The seed stem bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The bouquets, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or hardly ever inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits includes a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile origins that pull it down further in to the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from warmer summer months to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few types are fall months flowering.
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