Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or green in garden types), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten portions with around 50 species. The true number of varieties has assorted, depending about how they are categorized, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The types are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were created in to the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as cut blooms and since ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the image of malignancy charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering with an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The vegetable stem bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blossoms, which are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or hardly ever renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The bouquets may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit involves a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb lays dormant following the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile origins that take it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summertime to late winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are fall months flowering.
Narcissus in Chains by toboewolf1 on DeviantArt
of Laurell K. Hamilton’s ‘Narcissus in Chains’ chapter fourteen

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