Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten areas with roughly 50 species. The true volume of kinds has mixed, depending on how they are categorized, credited to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of variety in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were created in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as slice blossoms and as ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the national rose of Wales and the icon of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering with an underground storage light. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light. The seed stem bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The plants, which are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or seldom green, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits contains a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile roots that take it down further into the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer season to later winter, flowering in the spring, though a few varieties are fall months flowering.
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