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By Gafarshod Rabu, 07 Desember 2016

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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten areas with around 50 species. The true number of varieties has mixed, depending on how they are categorized, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as lower flowers so that ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the mark of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the crazy flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to the underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as extra tall as 80 cm.

The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light bulb. The flower stem bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of blooms (umbel). The flowers, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or seldom inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry includes a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.

The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile origins that take it down further into the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from warmer summer months to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few varieties are autumn flowering.

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