Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden types), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten areas with roughly 50 species. The number of species has assorted, depending about how they are labeled, due to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the true name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The kinds are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as cut blossoms so that ornamental vegetation in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and fine art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the sign of cancer charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to a underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as large as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light. The herb stem bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The plants, that are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or almost never renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The plants may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit consists of a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile origins that move it down further in to the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summer season to later winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.
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