Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten areas with roughly 50 species. The amount of kinds has varied, depending about how they are classified, anticipated to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the true name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Narcissi are popular as lower blossoms as ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the national bloom of Wales and the symbol of malignancy charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to the underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next season from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The seed stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The bouquets, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or seldom green sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The flowers may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries contains a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb sits dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die again and has contractile origins that move it down further in to the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summer months to later winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few types are fall months flowering.
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