Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellowish (orange or green in garden types), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The amount of kinds has assorted, depending on how they are categorised, thanks to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise source of the real name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of that name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The species are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were released into the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as trim bouquets so that ornamental plant life in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and artwork, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the sign of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light. The flower stem usually bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blossoms, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or almost never inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits consists of a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb is dormant following the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile root base that take it down further in to the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summertime to past due winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are fall months flowering.
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