Narcissus jonquilla simplex

Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten areas with approximately 50 species. The true volume of varieties has assorted, depending about how they are categorised, scheduled to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the true name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were created into the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as chop bouquets as ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the national bloom of Wales and the mark of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering for an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as tall as 80 cm.

The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blooms, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or rarely inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The flowers may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry involves a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.

The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile origins that draw it down further into the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer to late winter, flowering in the spring, though a few varieties are fall months flowering.

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