Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten sections with roughly 50 species. The number of types has assorted, depending on how they are categorized, credited to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The types are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Narcissi are popular as trim plants and since ornamental plants in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and fine art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the icon of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to a underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The seed stem bears a solitary blossom, but occasionally a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blooms, which are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or hardly ever renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The plants may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries involves a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile roots that take it down further in to the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from warmer summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few kinds are fall months flowering.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar