Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten parts with approximately 50 species. The true quantity of species has mixed, depending about how they are categorized, due to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of that name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Narcissi are popular as chop flowers and since ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the sign of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to a underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as extra tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves occur from the bulb. The place stem bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blooms, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or rarely green sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The blooms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits consists of a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back again and has contractile roots that yank it down further into the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from warmer summer months to late winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.
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