Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden types), with either even or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten portions with about 50 species. The true range of varieties has varied, depending on how they are categorized, thanks to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of that name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as chop blossoms so when ornamental plants in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and fine art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide flower of Wales and the sign of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to a underground storage light. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as high as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blossoms, which are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or seldom green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The plants may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries includes a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die again and has contractile origins that move it down further into the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer time to later winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few kinds are fall flowering.
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