Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten sections with approximately 50 species. The true variety of kinds has assorted, depending about how they are categorized, due to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise source of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were launched in to the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slash flowers so when ornamental plants in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the symbol of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to an underground storage light. They regrow in the next yr from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as high as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light. The plant stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but occasionally a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blossoms, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or hardly ever green, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The plants may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits consists of a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back and has contractile root base that move it down further in to the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from warmer summer months to past due winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few species are autumn flowering.
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