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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.

Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten portions with about 50 species. The true quantity of varieties has assorted, depending how they are categorized, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the true name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of that name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as chop blooms and as ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as icons of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide rose of Wales and the mark of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the crazy flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering for an underground storage light. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as extra tall as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light. The herb stem usually bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blossoms, that are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or almost never renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The bouquets may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit involves a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.

The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back and has contractile roots that pull it down further in to the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer season to past due winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few kinds are fall months flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

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Forum Acta Plantarum Indice