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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden types), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The true variety of varieties has assorted, depending about how they are categorized, thanks to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the real name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of that name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.

The kinds are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as chop flowers so that as ornamental crops in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and skill, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the national bloom of Wales and the symbol of malignancy charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to an underground storage light. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as high as 80 cm.

The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light. The seed stem bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of flowers (umbel). The bouquets, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or rarely inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit consists of a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.

The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile roots that draw it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from warmer summer months to past due winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few varieties are fall months flowering.

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