Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten areas with around 50 species. The amount of types has assorted, depending on how they are classified, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the real name Narcissus is unknown, but it is often linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The types are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slash blooms so when ornamental crops in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art work, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the mark of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to a underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blossoms, which are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or hardly ever green sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The plants may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit contains a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb is dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile root base that pull it down further into the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer season to past due winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few species are fall months flowering.
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