optomechanical design for IR sensing, showing the Narcissus effect

Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.

Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The amount of types has varied, depending on how they are labeled, due to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the real name Narcissus is unknown, but it is linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the young ones of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were launched into the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as chop blooms and since ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the symbol of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to the underground storage light. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as large as 80 cm.

The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The plant stem usually bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The bouquets, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or hardly ever green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The plants may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits includes a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.

The bulb sits dormant after the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile root base that move it down further in to the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from summer months to past due winter, flowering in the spring, though a few species are fall flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

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Figure 3 39;Black Narcissus39; Bell Tower with no Effects

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