Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in old civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten parts with about 50 species. The true range of varieties has assorted, depending how they are grouped, anticipated to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the real name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of variety in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Today narcissi are popular as slice blooms and since ornamental plant life in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the symbol of cancer charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to the underground storage light. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The herb stem bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of flowers (umbel). The plants, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or almost never renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit contains a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb lays dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile roots that move it down further into the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summer season to later winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few types are fall flowering.
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