Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten sections with roughly 50 species. The number of types has mixed, depending how they are categorised, due to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the true name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were unveiled in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as lower blooms as ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art work, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide rose of Wales and the icon of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to a underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The plant stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but once in a while a cluster of blooms (umbel). The flowers, that are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or almost never inexperienced sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The blossoms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry includes a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile origins that move it down further into the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summer months to later winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are autumn flowering.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar