Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in old civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten parts with about 50 species. The number of kinds has mixed, depending about how they are classified, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the real name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The kinds are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Today narcissi are popular as chop bouquets so that ornamental crops in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the mark of malignancy charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next season from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as large as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The blossoms, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or hardly ever green sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The flowers may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit involves a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb is dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile root base that move it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer season to past due winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few varieties are fall flowering.
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