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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.

Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten parts with around 50 species. The amount of species has assorted, depending on how they are categorized, thanks to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the real name Narcissus is unknown, but it is often associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were unveiled in to the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as cut bouquets so when ornamental plant life in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and skill, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the sign of malignancy charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to the underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as high as 80 cm.

The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The plant stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of blooms (umbel). The bouquets, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or rarely renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits contains a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.

The bulb sits dormant after the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile origins that move it down further into the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from warmer summer months to past due winter, flowering in the spring, though a few types are fall months flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

Black Narcissus The Criterion Collection Deborah Kerr, David Farrar

Black Narcissus 1947 Will Huntley BA Hons Computer Animation Arts

Fig.5 Black Narcissus [Film Still] At: http://4.bp.blogspot.com

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