Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The true amount of varieties has mixed, depending how they are categorised, thanks to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact source of the real name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The species are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slash blooms and since ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and skill, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the national blossom of Wales and the mark of tumors charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering for an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light. The herb stem bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of flowers (umbel). The flowers, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or rarely renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The flowers may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits contains a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile root base that take it down further in to the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summer time to past due winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few varieties are autumn flowering.
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