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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden types), with either even or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in old civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten sections with roughly 50 species. The amount of species has varied, depending about how they are grouped, scheduled to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the true name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of that name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The species are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were presented into the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as lower blossoms so that as ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the icon of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to a underground storage light. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as extra tall as 80 cm.

The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The place stem bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The blossoms, that are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or seldom inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The plants may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries contains a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.

The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile roots that take it down further in to the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few types are autumn flowering.

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