Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The amount of kinds has varied, depending how they are labeled, thanks to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the true name Narcissus is unknown, but it is often linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of that name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The types are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were released in to the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as chop blooms so that ornamental crops in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the national bloom of Wales and the symbol of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering with an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as large as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The place stem usually bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of blooms (umbel). The bouquets, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or rarely inexperienced sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The bouquets may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries involves a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile roots that yank it down further in to the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer to past due winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few varieties are fall flowering.
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