Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellow (orange or green in garden types), with either even or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten portions with approximately 50 species. The true number of kinds has varied, depending on how they are classified, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the real name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of variety in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Narcissi are popular as cut plants and as ornamental plant life in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the national flower of Wales and the image of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering for an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The seed stem bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blossoms, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or hardly ever renewable sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit contains a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile root base that take it down further in to the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summer months to later winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few varieties are autumn flowering.
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